
Order: Passeriformes, Family: Turdidae
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
A medium-sized North American songbird known for its bright orange breast, dark back, and habit of running and stopping on lawns to hunt for earthworms.
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Plumage & appearance
Adults have dark gray to black heads, brownish-gray backs, and distinctive brick-red to orange breasts. Females tend to be slightly paler overall than males. Juveniles have heavily spotted breasts and upperparts.
Key field marks
Brick-red breast, dark gray upperparts, yellowish bill, and broken white eye-ring.
Size & weight
Length: 20-28 cm (7.9-11 in), Wingspan: 31-41 cm (12-16 in), Weight: 77-85 g (2.7-3.0 oz)
Voice — call & song
A cheerful, fluid caroling song consisting of repeating 'cheer-up, cheery, cheer-up' phrases, accompanied by sharp 'tut' and 'peek' alarm calls.
Diet & foraging
Invertebrates like earthworms, beetles, caterpillars, and grasshoppers, as well as various berries and fruits.
Habitat
Woodlands, forests, suburban gardens, parks, and agricultural fields.
Migration & movement
Partial migrant; northern populations migrate south for the winter, while southern populations are year-round residents.
Nesting & breeding
Constructs cup-shaped nests out of twigs, grass, and mud, usually placed in the fork of a tree branch or on building ledges. Clutch size is typically 3-5 blue eggs.
Similar species
Varied Thrush (has a distinct black breast band and orange wing bars) and Spotted Towhee (has red sides, black upperparts, and a different foraging style).
Ecological significance
Acts as an important seed disperser for various fruit-bearing plants and helps regulate invertebrate populations such as insects and earthworms.
Conservation status
Least Concern, with a stable and very large population.
Observation tips
Look for them on suburban lawns, parks, and fields, often hopping and tilting their heads to listen for worms.
Interesting facts
American Robins can eat up to 14 percent of their body weight in earthworms and fruit every single day.
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