Inca Dove

Highly distinctive scaly appearance created by dark edges on grayish-tan feathers. In flight, the underwings show prominent rufous (reddish-brown) primary feathers and white outer tail feathers. Sexes are similar, though females and juveniles may appear slightly paler or less distinctly scaled.

Small size, long square-ended tail, conspicuous 'scaly' pattern over the entire body, and rufous wing patches visible in flight.

Length: 6.5-9.1 in (16.5-23 cm); Wingspan: 11-12.5 in (28-32 cm); Weight: 1.1-2.0 oz (30-58 g).

A repeated, mournful two-note coo, often described as sounding like 'no hope' or 'cow-ard.'

Primarily granivorous, eating a variety of small seeds from grasses and weeds, as well as cultivated grains. They forage almost exclusively on the ground.

Arid to semi-arid open areas, including thorn scrub, parks, gardens, and residential neighborhoods. They are highly commensal with humans.

Non-migratory resident; they generally stay in the same area throughout the year, though they may expand their range during favorable conditions.

Builds a flimsy platform nest of twigs and grass, usually in a tree or shrub 5-20 feet off the ground. They typically lay 2 white eggs and may raise multiple broods per year (up to 4-5).

Common Ground-Dove (shorter tail, more spotted wing coverts, less scaly appearance) and Mourning Dove (much larger, pointed tail, lacks scaly pattern).

Functions as a seed disperser and a food source for urban and rural predators like hawks and domestic cats. They are well-adapted to human-altered landscapes.

Least Concern (IUCN); population is stable and expanding northward in some areas.

Look for them on the ground in suburban parks or backyards. They are frequent visitors to bird baths and ground feeders. Listen for their monotonous two-note call near residential areas.

During cold weather, Inca Doves practice 'pyramid roosting,' where up to 12 birds pile on top of each other in stacks up to three tiers high to conserve body heat.